Exploring Effective Solutions to Address Cultural Misrepresentation in Nigerian Movies: Lessons from the Criticism of Gangs of Lagos

Abstract

This study investigates effective solutions to cultural misrepresentation in Nigerian cinema, focusing on the controversies surrounding Jade Osiberu’s Gangs of Lagos (2023). While Nollywood has emerged as a powerful global platform for projecting Nigerian identities, its portrayals have frequently been criticised for oversimplifying or distorting cultural traditions, thereby reinforcing stereotypes and undermining national image. Anchored in Stuart Hall’s Representation Theory, the research adopts a qualitative approach, combining content analysis of the film with reviews, press commentary, and social media responses. Findings reveal that misrepresentation often arises from inadequate research, weak cultural policy frameworks, and insufficient consultation with communities. The case of Gangs of Lagos, especially its depiction of the Eyo masquerade, exemplifies how cultural symbols can be stripped of meaning when reframed solely for narrative spectacle, prompting backlash from both local communities and state authorities. The study argues that Nollywood must embrace a paradigm shift in which filmmakers balance artistic freedom with social responsibility. Solutions proposed include collaborative engagement with cultural custodians, embedding authenticity in production processes, and fostering audience dialogue to ensure respectful and nuanced portrayals. Ultimately, the research positions Nollywood not merely as an entertainment industry but as a cultural custodian with the potential to preserve heritage, strengthen national identity, and contribute to global discourse on African culture.